That makes complete sense, but what is a paragraph Officially, a paragraph is any chunk of text that ends when you press the Enter key. So a single character, a word, a sentence, or a document full of sentences is a paragraph, so long as I’ve mentioned before that Pages has a way that you can show and hide what it dubs invisible characters, so if you need to see paragraph returns, tabs, spaces, and so on, it’s as simple as pressing Shift-Command-I or choosing View > Show Invisibles in that program. Well, Microsoft Word can do this, too, and that’s what I’m gonna go over today.Works on: Mac License type: Lifetime Devices: 1 Minimum Required Memory: 4GB RAM Display: 1280 x 800 resolution Operating System: Mac OS X 10.12 to 10.14 Hard Disk: 6GB available space Computer.To display the task pane in Word 2007 and above, press Shift+F1 or click the Reveal Formatting button in the Style Inspector dialog (see below).Once the Preferences window opens, choose “View”:Then you’ll see exactly which characters you can choose to have showing all of the time:Hopefully this’ll help you sort out any formatting issues with Microsoft Word I do like the program (contrary to my views on it a few years ago!), but man oh man can it be weird about inserting pictures or reflowing text. Reveal Formatting task pane with style source distinguished.Now, why would you want to see those characters, you may ask? Well, if the text within a document is behaving oddly, figuring out whether something behind the scenes is working against you is definitely the way to go, especially with how persnickety Word can be about moving elements around. Take this bit of text, for example:Most of these add-ins will work with Microsoft Word 365, 2016, 2019. And Word for other platforms, like Word for iPad, Word for Mac, and Word Online.Seems pretty normal, right? But if I reveal the hidden formatting, here’s what we see:Whenever you hit keys like Tab, Return, Spacebar, and so on, Word is actually sticking what it calls nonprinting characters in. So if I couldn’t figure out why my text was doing weird stuff after my last word typed there, it’s probably because of that page break! Good to know.View sites for Renters, Buyers and OwnersMy Home by Freddie Mac® Resources to help you rent, buy and own your home.Do we own your mortgage? Find out if Freddie Mac owns your loan using our secured lookup tool.Did we finance your apartment? Use our lookup tool to see if Freddie Mac financed your apartment building.CreditSmart® Financial and homeownership education resources all about you.To follow up on several stories of potential purchase appraisal 1 bias in various news outlets, 2 Freddie Mac kicked off a study of whether minorities are more likely to receive an appraisal value that is lower than the contract price during purchase transactions. Optigo together.Optigo Academy One-stop learning for Optigo lenders. Single-Family Division Insights, products, and technology to help you grow your business.Client Resource Center Resources, training, System Status, and FAQ to help you run your business.Seller/Servicer Guide Learn how to work with us with our Guide Bulletins and Industry Letters.Multifamily Division For Optigo® lenders, investors and borrowers.Optigo.com Here for you. In the most recent version of Word, you’ll just select the “Home” tab in the toolbar and then click the giant paragraph sign, which looks sort of like a backward “p.”To turn off showing those nonprinting characters, press that button again, and you’ll be back to the normal view.Finally, note that you can also control which nonprinting characters show all of the time, whether you’ve toggled this button on or not.A positive gap means that a minority group is more likely to receive an appraised value lower than contract price relative to the White group. For the purpose of this Research Note, an “appraisal gap” means the percent difference in the share of properties or applicants receiving “appraisal value lower than contract price” between minority and White groups. The term "appraisal gap" has been used in various papers with varying meanings.
Show Codes In Word 2016 Mac OS X 10We use 50% as the threshold to define minority tracts. Tracts are classified according to the minority share of the population in that tract according to the 2010 census data. Is there an appraisal gap in minority neighborhoods?Appraisers' opinions of value are more likely to fall below the contract price in Black and Latino census tracts, and the extent of the gap increases as the percentage of Black or Latino people in the tract increases.We examine the appraisal outcomes for properties in Black and Latino tracts versus those in White tracts. When examining whether appraisal gaps exist, we consider the race and ethnicity of both the tracts in which the properties being appraised are located and of the applicants applying for a loan to buy the property. For example, 12.5% of the properties in Black tracts receive "appraisal value lower than contract price," compared to 7.4% for those in White tracts, leading to a gap of 5.2%.In addition, as the concentration of Black or Latino in a census tract increases, the appraisal valuation gap increases. If the minority group has a higher percent than the White group, that gap is highlighted in orange, indicating an unfavorable outcome for that minority group. if the Black (or Latino) share is ≥ 80%.If the overall minority share 9 in a tract is below 50%, the tract is flagged as White.Exhibit 1, based on data for more than 12 million appraisals for purchase transactions submitted to Freddie Mac from January 1, 2015, to Decemthrough the Uniform Collateral Data Portal (UCDP), 10 shows that properties in Black and Latino tracts receive appraisal values lower than the contract price more often than those in White tracts. if the Black (or Latino) share is ≥ 50% and < 80% In addition, to see how the gaps change as the share of minority people increases, we further classify Black (or Latino) tracts as follows: Is there an appraisal gap for minority applicants?Black and Latino applicants receive lower appraisal values than the contract price more often than White applicants.In this section, we use the minority status designated by applicants on their mortgage applications to examine the difference between Black and Latino applicants and White applicants. The patterns we see based on the aggregate national data in Exhibit 1 mostly persist thus, the appraisal gaps seem pervasive. In addition, we analyze the top 30 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Exterior-only inspection or desktop—no on-site inspection) by occupancy type (owner, tenant, vacant) by property condition, by housing trend indicated in the appraisal report (stable, increasing, declining) and by urbanization level (urban, suburban, rural). We hope to address this data limitation in future research.Exhibit 2 is based on a dataset we generate by merging the 12+ million appraisals from UCDP used in the first section with loan application data submitted to Freddie Mac. For example, if a Black homeowner's property is valued less than the benchmark and later sold to a White borrower, this transaction will be categorized as "White" instead of "Black" in our dataset. This data limitation can potentially result in an underestimation of the appraisal gap. In addition, we perform one-sided t-tests to examine which gaps are statistically larger than zero.Based on our dataset, 21,058 appraisers submitted appraisal reports in both Black and White tracts out of this group, 934 appraisers have statistical power and qualify as the Black versus White sample for t-test. 11To know whether a small fraction of appraisers is generating the observed gaps, we calculate the gaps for each individual appraiser who submitted appraisals for properties in both minority tracts and White tracts. Are the appraisal gaps for minority tracts driven by only a small fraction of appraisers?An analysis of the group of appraisers with enough observations in both minority tracts and White tracts to yield valid t-statistics reveals that a large portion of appraisers are generating statistically significant gaps. For example, 9.5% of the Latino applicants receive “appraisal value lower than contract price”, compared to 6.5% of White applicants, resulting in a gap of 2.9%.3. Exhibit 2 shows that Black and Latino applicants receive “appraisal value lower than contract price” more often than White applicants. Hp laserjet p1102 driver for mac 1011The x-axis shows the appraisal gap, and the y-axis presents the percentage of the 934 appraisers who exhibit that gap.
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